Read the following notes:
Draw and label the Nephron
- What is the difference between excretion and secretion?
- What is the difference between defecation and excretion?
- List 4 organs that excrete substances and the substances they excrete. Also state which organ system each is a part of.
- What ions do our bodies excrete?
- Urine is yellow because .
- How come the colour of urine can vary from day to day?
- How does urine get from your kidneys to the outside world?
- Why do animals have a bladder?
- What is the difference between a ureter and a urethra? (Make up a mnemonic [memory trick] to remember which is where).
- Why do males and females have different urethras? What is this difference?
- How do you know when your bladder needs emptying?
- Sketch or trace a kidney in cross section. Label all parts and include some kidney stones (in the correct place). Also detail the chemical composition of the kidney stones.
- Summarize the differences between Bowman‟s capsule and the glomerulus.
- Summarize the differences between glomerular capillaries and capillaries found throughout the rest of your body.
- List, in order, the parts of the nephron.
- Compare and contrast what happens to glomerular filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule versus the distal convoluted tubule.
- Compare and contrast what happens in the descending versus the ascending portions of the loop of Henle.
- Which parts of the nephron are in the cortex of your kidney? Which parts are in the medulla?
- Which cells of your nephron require the most energy? How are these energy needs met?
- Explain countercurrent exchange as it happens in excretion. (Where does it occur? What is happening?)
- If the people participating in the 30-hour-famine stop drinking water (and all other fluids) as well as not eating ...(a) What could happen to their blood volume and why? (b) How will their bodies compensate for this?
- The blood volume problem experienced in question 24 could also lead to a blood pressure problem. (a) What could happen to their blood pressure? Why? (b) How would your excretory system react to this?
