The Immune System Study Questions

 We reviewed the immune system in class.  

1.  The immune system can be divided into SPECIFIC  responses and NONSPECIFIC responses.  

a.  What are the two kinds of specific responses and what cells are involved?

b.  What are the two kinds of nonspecific responses? 

2.  For barriers, describe the kinds of barriers that are in the 

a. respiratory system

b. digestive system 

c.  reproductive system

d.  skin 

3.  The inflammatory response happens when there is a break in the barrier.  List all the steps of the inflammation response, including all the cells that are involved and the cell communication that takes place.  

4.  Is inflammation LOCAL , happening in a specific place, or is it SYSTEMIC, happening all over the body?  

5.  Describe the following cases where the inflammatory response is not working properly. What is the cause, the symptoms and the treatment?

a.  allergy to a  food item

b.  sepsis

6.  What are the two kinds of SPECIFIC IMMUNITY and what cells are involved ?

7.  What is a major histocompatibility complex and how does it help protect the body?

8.  Describe the steps of the humeral response.

9. describe the steps of the cell mediated response.

10 How does a T-cell get trained to do its job properly and to not attack the body?  

11.  Give some examples of "autoimmune" diseases. 

Fetal circulation

 

 Click on the picture below to play the video 
 
 

Today we explored fetal circulation.  First we drew our conception of how fetal circulation might occur. Next we compared fetal and baby circulation in depth in the table below.  Finally we drew a schematic diagram to compare the two and listened to a baby cry because the newborn's first breath is when the ductus arterioles and the foramen ovale closes successfully

   

BLOOD PRESSURE

  The Major Blood Vessels. DIAGRAM

OK so, during class,  we'll play doctor and find blood pressure.  Have  a look at this tutorial before you test this on each other...

Heart Dissection

 Have a look at the gross anatomy of the mammalian heart 

You will receive your heart and orient it with the ventral face up and dorsal face down.   Review the 

 the major vessels that come out of the AORTIC ARCH 

PATH OF BLOOD

 Today we will introduce you to the Circulation System.

This is the slideshow

You will receive a gigantic DIAGRAM on circulation

and we will explore the  path of blood . In particular, we will replicate William Harvey's experiment demonstrating that veins move only in one direction.  

also this is the major vessels that come out of the AORTIC ARCH 

Read the Summary notes on circulation:
Circulation System. 
  Major Blood Vessels
  Lymphatic System link here 

Extra resources here

Do the review on blood vessels.  Review on blood vessels 

The Heartbeat, Action potential and the Cardiac conduction system

 You have some fill in notes

And their answer key to look at

click on the video below to observe a beating heart.  NOTE which valves shut during the lub, dub sound and observe whether the heart is contracting or relaxing during the heart sounds.  Slow down the video of you have to 

ADVANCED LEARNING: ACTION POTENTIAL AND VECTORS:
If you are interested in a more advanced understanding of the cardiac conduction system, this website is an excellent source that goes into detail on resting potential and action potential in myocytes.  Here is a very advanced tutorial on electrical vectors of the heart 

Problem based activity

update: 

patient bloodwork is available here and their ECG results are here   for the bloodwork, the first number is the patient's result.  The second number is the normal range and the third column shows units

You may approach the patients during FIT time and some , not all are available during our class time. Many are not available during lunch.    You have until the end of the week  to solve this problem.

Disease  Activity 2025 STUDENT HANDOUT 

The powerpoint introducing this activity is on TEAMS

Name/s _______________________________________________________    block ______________________

Patient HISTORY :

WHAT IS THE NAME OF YOUR PATIENT?  WHAT IS THEIR BACKGROUND?  TELL ME SOME THINGS ABOUT THEM THAT ARE NOT MENTIONED IN THE BIOGRAPHIES

patient Symptoms 

1. Observe any physical and emotional symptoms of your patient.  What are the symptoms that you observe? Are they experiencing discomfort or pain anywhere?  Do they have pain in the belly or the head etc? 

2.  Ask your patients some questions and record their responses .   Examples of questions:

Do they have any of these symptoms: fever, chills, shortness of breath, nausea, headache, chest pain, runny nose, cough, productive cough? (with phlegm) . Do they have a  sense of fullness, pain anywhere in the head, ear, throat?  Have they ever been exposed to people who are sick? Do they have, contact with environmental pollution like coal dust, asbestos or any other substance? .  Do they smoke? What is their overall mood? Do they have any gastrointestinal symptoms? Ask if they have been swabbed for bacterial infection.                                         

3. Give your patient a physical exam.  Ask them to open their mouth to say AAAHH.  Ask to look into their ear.  Using your stethoscope, Listen for lung sounds on their back.  What do you hear?

https://depts.washington.edu/physdx/pulmonary/tech.html

        

        Do they have any copies of their imaging such as an X-ray?

4. List three conditions that can possibly match what you observe:  What evidence do you have for your conclusions.

5. What  possible laboratory tests  might need to be ordered to confirm your diagnosis? Did they get  any diagnostics done?  Blood pressure,  chest  x-ray, a bacterial culture?  

Their bloodwork and any other test results  will be given to you at a later time.

6.  What does  the blood agar swab  tell you?  

7.  Would you suggest that this patient follow up with a medical doctor? Why or why not? What tests do you think their doctor will order to confirm your hypothesis.      

ASSIGNMENT. 72 marks total

Answer all the questions and write a report due at the end of the activity .  Your report must show that yoi use EVIDENCE TO COME TO YOUR CONCLUSIONS  and you communicate that evidence clearly     out of 60 marks

You can  also post pictures of interviewing patients on the class observation site with the full names of your group. Remember to ask before taking a picture of anyone 

              

You managed to interview  and write observations on  all 12 patients                           out of 12 marks.