Welcome to Biology 12

We will review class expectations and provide an introduction to the cell, the basic unit of life and our human body

TESTS 50%
QUIZZES 10%    -   10 MARKS daily
ASSIGNMENTS 30%
JOURNALS/PARTICIPATION 10%
      POLITE, PRESENT, ENGAGED IN ACTIVITY 3 MARKS

QUIZ 1
1. What are the criteria for living things?
2. outline the biological hierarchy in multicellular organisms
3. What do the organ systems provide?
4.  No wrong answer here.... Are you an organism or a
colony of cells?



What are the criteria for living things?
1.   MOTILITY - the ability to move
2.   IRRITABILITY - it responds to stimulus
3.   REPRODUCTION - it can reproduce and make offspring
4.  ORGANIZATION - it has organelles or organs
5. a.  TAKES IN NUTRIENTS and MAKES WASTE
    b.  HAS METABOLISM -total of all biochemical reactions
occurring in a living thing. If metabolism stops...then that
is death.

6.  HOMEOSTASIS - maintaining the status quo for temp,
pH, levels of hormones, levels of enzymes.

7. it grows
8. it adapts to change

Organ systems provide everything for the cell
1.  energy for the cell - this is in the form of ATP made
by mitochondria.The mitochondria needs GLUCOSE and OXYGEN.
GLUCOSE IS FROM DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
OXYGEN IS FROM CIRCULATORY SYSTEM AND
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.



2.   eating and drinking - cell receives building blocks such as
AMINO ACIDS, LIPIDS, NUCLEIC ACIDS from the
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

3.  waste is taken away by the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM and disposed
of in the EXCRETORY SYSTEM

4. communication for the cell is provided by ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
OF HORMONES. Also by the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

5.  cells are defended by the IMMUNE SYSTEM.

6.  Reproduction of the cell :  the cell can simply do MITOSIS to clone
itself, but if the ENTIRE HUMAN BODY wants to make offspring,
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION SYSTEM.

ANY ANIMAL CELL inside a mammal...

Eating building material such as amino acids, lipids nucleic acids

Energy:  glucose and oxygen goes to mitochondria and carbon
dioxide leaves mitochondria

Waste:  ammonia

Drinking water

cell product:  made by the cell as specified by the DNA. For example,
a pancreatic cell makes INSULIN

test next monday

on renal system and human sexual reproduction. It will be based on notes, worksheets and will be multiple choice

Human Sexual Reproduction

Here are the slides for your worksheet
And here's your worksheet

 Male system and fertilization 
Development and birth 

Questions - you will be given blank sheets of paper. Create a booklet with table of contents and answer these questions on Wednesday.

For Wednesday
Each question is worth 5 marks. These questions are NOT open book

1.  When air is drawn into the lung
a.  What happens to the ribs and diaphragm and how does this effect the overall volume of the thoracic cavity?
b   What is the function of the pleural membranes?


2.  What are the two chemoreceptors which regulate breathing  and tell your diaphragm to contract? Using a drawing, explain how the chemoreceptors work to increase breathing rate.

3.  Write about a lung disease of your choice

4.  Using drawings, to illustrate your answer, write the equation for the carbonic acid buffer below and state which way equilibrium moves and also how hemoglobin picks up and drops off oxygen, carbon dioxide and Hydrogen ion in the following locations:
a.  at the tissue
b.  in the blood
c.  in the lung


5. What are the three forms of hemoglobin?

6. What environmental conditions cause carbaminohemoglobin and reduced hemoglobin to drop their load of carbon dioxide and H+ ions and pick up oxygen?

7.  Draw a graph illustrating
a. how pH affects oxygen binding to hemoglobin
b. how temp affects oxygen binding to hemoglobin

Renal System

Powerpoint
Questions and notes

Answer keys to reviews

Answer key to review 1
Answer key to review 2

Respiratory System

The picture link below shows a journey through the respiratory system

Notes are here and please get the diagram notes from me. Plus detailed notes here

Control of respiration

CO2 and H+ Levels

As monitored by the carotid and aortic bodies.  If these levels increase, they send a message to the  medulla oblongata Carotid bodies send the message through VAGUS NERVE.  Aortic bodies send the message through the GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE.  Medulla oblongata stimulates the rib cage and the diaphragm to move faster.

Acidosis:  pH < 7.35         too much carbon dioxide

Alkadosis: pHB> 7.45       not enough carbon dioxide (sometimes caused by hyperventilation)

Carbon monoxide:   hemoglobin has a higher affinity for CO than for O₂ how would CO affect internal and external respiration?