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Male system and fertilization
Development and birth
Monday, 11 June 2018
Monday, 28 May 2018
Biology 11 Final Review questions
ASSIGNMENTS: MAKE A BEAUTIFUL, INKED, ILLUSTRATED REVIEW BOOKLET COVERING ALL OF THESE TOPICS.
20 MARKS: HALF DONE BY June 7
Fully done by June 11
Final exam is on ... June 15
The Cell
1. Draw and Label parts of the animal cell in a diagram: nucleus, nucleolus,
endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, mitochondria, golgi, vessicles
2. What are the limits of cell size? Explain how the surface area to volume
ratio affects cell function. Calculate the S.A/Volume ratio. The smallest cells
have the biggest SA/Vol ratio.
3. The plasma membrane is composed of what parts? Phospholipids
membrane proteins:
And what kinds of proteins: channel, carrier, cell recognition, enzymes
4. Questions on osmosis and diffusion: If a cell is put in a hypotonic solution,
what would happen to it? What if it was put in a hypertonic solution? isotonic?
5. Active transport (uses ATP) vs
passive transport (osmosis and diffusion and facilitated diffusion)
BIOMOLECULES
6. The monomers make polymers. What are examples of four kinds of monomers?
-- answer: monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids, nucleotides.
7. What kinds of polymers do the above monomers make?
monosaccharides ---> disaccharides, polysaccharides
amino acids ---> proteins
fatty acids ---> phospholipids, neutral fats
nucleotides ---> nucleic acids, DNA, RNA
8. Hydrolysis and Dehydration synthesis. Water in and water out. Recognize it
DNA
9. recognize parts of a nucleotide and the types of nucleotides, both purines and pyrimidines
10. structure of double helix, 5' to 3'
11. steps to DNA replication
12. steps for protein synthesis
13. if DNA is AAA ATA CGT GGG, then what is the RNA sequence and what is the sequence of amino acids?
ENZYMES
14. ENZYMES are catalysts. What are the parts of an enzyme? substrate, active site, enzyme substrate complex
15. Identify the co-enzyme
CELL RESPIRATION
16. WHERE do the following take place? glycolysis, electron transport chain.
17. Identify the MATRIX in this picture of mitochondria
DIGESTION
18. Here is a picture of your digestive system, label the parts, which may include....stomach, liver, duodenum, jejunum, rectum etc
19. explain the details of chemical digestion in the stomach. What enzyme? what pH, OR in the duodenum
20. What enzymes are produced in the pancreas?
21. What is the function of bile?
22. What is in the stomach which prevents acid from destroying the stomach wall?
23. Chemical digestion in the mouth contains what enzyme?
25. Where is the micro-biome located in your gut?
CIRCULATION
26-30 label some diagrams of the heart, the cirulation system, including all the chambres of the heart: atria, ventricles, valves, pulmonary arteries and veins, aorta, superior and inferior vena cava
31-36: Be aware of the path of blood and be able to trace this path. For example start at R. atrium,
R. Ventricle, pulmonary artery....etc.
37-40: What are the differences between arteries and veins and capillaries? thickness, method of blood moving through. What kind of blood goes thru, oxygenated or deoxygenated?
41. Identify which parts of foetal circulation have deox or oxygenated blood.
42. What are the two holes in the heart of a foetus that gets closed upon birth. foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus.
43. Label the ECG. PQRS...etc waves on a diagram
44-46 Label the pacemaker and the path of electrical signals for the heartbeat: SA node - AV node purkinje fibres.
RESPIRATION
47-52 Label the parts of the Respiratory system: nasal cavity, pharynx, epiglottis, glottis, larynx trachea bronchi, bronchiole alveoli etc
53-56 INSPIRATION and EXPIRATION. how does it happen, what muscles are involved?
what nerves are involved?
57-60 INTERNAL RESPIRATION AND EXTERNAL RESPIRATION. Carbon dioxide turns into carbonic acid and back again using carbonic anhydrase. Explain the carbonic acid buffer.
61- 64 What are the types of hemoglobin:
oxyhemoglobin, carbaminohemoglobin, reduced hemoglobin.
65. What is the Bohr effect? How does temp affect how hemoglobin attaches to
oxygen?
RENAL system. EXCRETION
66-68. Label this diagram: kidneys, bladder, ureters etc.
69. Label the nephron.
70 - 73. which part of the nephron does pressure filtration, tubular secretion, selective reabsorption
74-76. Know how aldosterone and the other hormones affect filtration rate. Control of the system.
77. What is the affect of salt (instant noodle) or caffeine (coffee) on filtration
NERVOUS SYSTEM
78- 80 LABEL THIS DIAGRAM: How is the nervous system subdivided? Central nervous system, peripheral nervous system
81. What are the two different colours of matter in the brain and which one is myelinated?
82. What part of the nervous system controls resting and digesting? And do you feel you feel that way right now?
83. What part ( parasympathetic or sympathetic) is being stimulated right now in this exam?
84. What are the parts of the reflex arc? label this reflex arc
85. What part of the brain is responsible for a. movement, b. thinking c. breathing and heart rate? cerebellum, cerebrum, medulla oblongata
86. Name the five parts of the brain
87. Identify the neuron, the schwann cell, the glial cell
REPRODUCTION SYSTEM... 13 more questions based on your reproduction notes, handouts worksheet
20 MARKS: HALF DONE BY June 7
Fully done by June 11
Final exam is on ... June 15
The Cell
1. Draw and Label parts of the animal cell in a diagram: nucleus, nucleolus,
endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, mitochondria, golgi, vessicles
2. What are the limits of cell size? Explain how the surface area to volume
ratio affects cell function. Calculate the S.A/Volume ratio. The smallest cells
have the biggest SA/Vol ratio.
3. The plasma membrane is composed of what parts? Phospholipids
membrane proteins:
And what kinds of proteins: channel, carrier, cell recognition, enzymes
4. Questions on osmosis and diffusion: If a cell is put in a hypotonic solution,
what would happen to it? What if it was put in a hypertonic solution? isotonic?
5. Active transport (uses ATP) vs
passive transport (osmosis and diffusion and facilitated diffusion)
BIOMOLECULES
6. The monomers make polymers. What are examples of four kinds of monomers?
-- answer: monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids, nucleotides.
7. What kinds of polymers do the above monomers make?
monosaccharides ---> disaccharides, polysaccharides
amino acids ---> proteins
fatty acids ---> phospholipids, neutral fats
nucleotides ---> nucleic acids, DNA, RNA
8. Hydrolysis and Dehydration synthesis. Water in and water out. Recognize it
DNA
9. recognize parts of a nucleotide and the types of nucleotides, both purines and pyrimidines
10. structure of double helix, 5' to 3'
11. steps to DNA replication
12. steps for protein synthesis
13. if DNA is AAA ATA CGT GGG, then what is the RNA sequence and what is the sequence of amino acids?
ENZYMES
14. ENZYMES are catalysts. What are the parts of an enzyme? substrate, active site, enzyme substrate complex
15. Identify the co-enzyme
CELL RESPIRATION
16. WHERE do the following take place? glycolysis, electron transport chain.
17. Identify the MATRIX in this picture of mitochondria
DIGESTION
18. Here is a picture of your digestive system, label the parts, which may include....stomach, liver, duodenum, jejunum, rectum etc
19. explain the details of chemical digestion in the stomach. What enzyme? what pH, OR in the duodenum
20. What enzymes are produced in the pancreas?
21. What is the function of bile?
22. What is in the stomach which prevents acid from destroying the stomach wall?
23. Chemical digestion in the mouth contains what enzyme?
25. Where is the micro-biome located in your gut?
CIRCULATION
26-30 label some diagrams of the heart, the cirulation system, including all the chambres of the heart: atria, ventricles, valves, pulmonary arteries and veins, aorta, superior and inferior vena cava
31-36: Be aware of the path of blood and be able to trace this path. For example start at R. atrium,
R. Ventricle, pulmonary artery....etc.
37-40: What are the differences between arteries and veins and capillaries? thickness, method of blood moving through. What kind of blood goes thru, oxygenated or deoxygenated?
41. Identify which parts of foetal circulation have deox or oxygenated blood.
42. What are the two holes in the heart of a foetus that gets closed upon birth. foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus.
43. Label the ECG. PQRS...etc waves on a diagram
44-46 Label the pacemaker and the path of electrical signals for the heartbeat: SA node - AV node purkinje fibres.
RESPIRATION
47-52 Label the parts of the Respiratory system: nasal cavity, pharynx, epiglottis, glottis, larynx trachea bronchi, bronchiole alveoli etc
53-56 INSPIRATION and EXPIRATION. how does it happen, what muscles are involved?
what nerves are involved?
57-60 INTERNAL RESPIRATION AND EXTERNAL RESPIRATION. Carbon dioxide turns into carbonic acid and back again using carbonic anhydrase. Explain the carbonic acid buffer.
61- 64 What are the types of hemoglobin:
oxyhemoglobin, carbaminohemoglobin, reduced hemoglobin.
65. What is the Bohr effect? How does temp affect how hemoglobin attaches to
oxygen?
RENAL system. EXCRETION
66-68. Label this diagram: kidneys, bladder, ureters etc.
69. Label the nephron.
70 - 73. which part of the nephron does pressure filtration, tubular secretion, selective reabsorption
74-76. Know how aldosterone and the other hormones affect filtration rate. Control of the system.
77. What is the affect of salt (instant noodle) or caffeine (coffee) on filtration
NERVOUS SYSTEM
78- 80 LABEL THIS DIAGRAM: How is the nervous system subdivided? Central nervous system, peripheral nervous system
81. What are the two different colours of matter in the brain and which one is myelinated?
82. What part of the nervous system controls resting and digesting? And do you feel you feel that way right now?
83. What part ( parasympathetic or sympathetic) is being stimulated right now in this exam?
84. What are the parts of the reflex arc? label this reflex arc
85. What part of the brain is responsible for a. movement, b. thinking c. breathing and heart rate? cerebellum, cerebrum, medulla oblongata
86. Name the five parts of the brain
87. Identify the neuron, the schwann cell, the glial cell
REPRODUCTION SYSTEM... 13 more questions based on your reproduction notes, handouts worksheet
Tuesday, 8 May 2018
Kidneys and Excretion
The powerpoint is here
and the fill-in notes are going to be handed out. Please fill them in.
Take a look at the diagrams here. Copy these out using your own drawings.
and the fill-in notes are going to be handed out. Please fill them in.
Take a look at the diagrams here. Copy these out using your own drawings.
Wednesday, 2 May 2018
Today you will have part one of your respiratory test
This part is a group test. You may work by yourself or with two partners but not use notes or phone. You can only talk to the partner you are working with. Take a moment to copy out the questions below and then put away the phone.
Use blank paper which your teacher might get from the photocopy room and make a booklet on the following topics, in colour and writing clearly in pen. Give your book a name, like "Respiration for dummies" or " RESPIRATION, the essential guide". State who the authors are. Staple your booklet together.
Your table of contents ought to look like this:
1. A diagram of the lung and labeling all the parts. How does each part condition the air as the air goes in?
2. How does breathing in and out happen? What muscles are involved? how does your body create a seal? What nerves are involved?
3. Carbon dioxide is a gas and it must travel through the body to get to the lungs. What is the Equilibrium equation and, using cartoons, explain how the equilibrium of carbonic acid turns carbon dioxide into the correct phase for travel through the body. What is happening to equilibrium in at the body cells? At the lungs?
4. What are the three forms of hemoglobin?
5. What happens to the saturation of oxygen to hemoglobin under warm, acid conditions? What about colder, alkaline conditions?
6. How does the control of your breathing rate happen? talk about how the muscles, the brain and the nerves and the blood send signals and work together to speed up or slow down breathing rate
7. Write about your own topic
USE ILLUSTRATIONS AND CLEAR WRITING TO MAKE YOUR POINTS.
Use blank paper which your teacher might get from the photocopy room and make a booklet on the following topics, in colour and writing clearly in pen. Give your book a name, like "Respiration for dummies" or " RESPIRATION, the essential guide". State who the authors are. Staple your booklet together.
Your table of contents ought to look like this:
1. A diagram of the lung and labeling all the parts. How does each part condition the air as the air goes in?
2. How does breathing in and out happen? What muscles are involved? how does your body create a seal? What nerves are involved?
3. Carbon dioxide is a gas and it must travel through the body to get to the lungs. What is the Equilibrium equation and, using cartoons, explain how the equilibrium of carbonic acid turns carbon dioxide into the correct phase for travel through the body. What is happening to equilibrium in at the body cells? At the lungs?
4. What are the three forms of hemoglobin?
5. What happens to the saturation of oxygen to hemoglobin under warm, acid conditions? What about colder, alkaline conditions?
6. How does the control of your breathing rate happen? talk about how the muscles, the brain and the nerves and the blood send signals and work together to speed up or slow down breathing rate
7. Write about your own topic
USE ILLUSTRATIONS AND CLEAR WRITING TO MAKE YOUR POINTS.
Monday, 30 April 2018
Complete these introductory questions on excretion
Read the following notes:
Draw and label the Nephron
- What is the difference between excretion and secretion?
- What is the difference between defecation and excretion?
- List 4 organs that excrete substances and the substances they excrete. Also state which organ system each is a part of.
- What ions do our bodies excrete?
- Urine is yellow because .
- How come the colour of urine can vary from day to day?
- How does urine get from your kidneys to the outside world?
- Why do animals have a bladder?
- What is the difference between a ureter and a urethra? (Make up a mnemonic [memory trick] to remember which is where).
- Why do males and females have different urethras? What is this difference?
- How do you know when your bladder needs emptying?
- Sketch or trace a kidney in cross section. Label all parts and include some kidney stones (in the correct place). Also detail the chemical composition of the kidney stones.
- Summarize the differences between Bowman‟s capsule and the glomerulus.
- Summarize the differences between glomerular capillaries and capillaries found throughout the rest of your body.
- List, in order, the parts of the nephron.
- Compare and contrast what happens to glomerular filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule versus the distal convoluted tubule.
- Compare and contrast what happens in the descending versus the ascending portions of the loop of Henle.
- Which parts of the nephron are in the cortex of your kidney? Which parts are in the medulla?
- Which cells of your nephron require the most energy? How are these energy needs met?
- Explain countercurrent exchange as it happens in excretion. (Where does it occur? What is happening?)
- If the people participating in the 30-hour-famine stop drinking water (and all other fluids) as well as not eating ...(a) What could happen to their blood volume and why? (b) How will their bodies compensate for this?
- The blood volume problem experienced in question 24 could also lead to a blood pressure problem. (a) What could happen to their blood pressure? Why? (b) How would your excretory system react to this?
Thursday, 26 April 2018
Friday, 20 April 2018
Respiration notes
The picture link below shows a journey through the respiratory system
Notes are here and please get the diagram notes from me. Plus detailed notes here
Key questions are
Control of respiration
CO2 and H+ Levels
As monitored by the carotid and aortic bodies. If these levels increase, they send a message to the medulla oblongata Carotid bodies send the message through VAGUS NERVE. Aortic bodies send the message through the GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE. Medulla oblongata stimulates the rib cage and the diaphragm to move faster.
Acidosis: pH < 7.35 too much carbon dioxide
Alkadosis: pHB> 7.45 not enough carbon dioxide (sometimes caused by hyperventilation)
Carbon monoxide: hemoglobin has a higher affinity for CO than for O2 how would CO affect internal and external respiration?
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